Amtliche Kurzform: Georgien
Name in Landessprache: საქართველო 
Kurzform: Sak'art'velo  
Vollform: Sakartwelos Respublika
Der Name des Landes hat sich wahrscheinlich aus dem griechischen Wort georgos das Ackerbauer bedeutet entwickelt.
Name in Englisch: Georgia
Ehemaliger Name: 

Staatsgebiet: Georgien liegt in Transkaukasien, östlich des Schwarzen Meeres und südlich des Kaukasus. Es grenzt im Norden an Russland, im Süden an die Türkei, Armenien und im Osten an Aserbaidschan.
Im Nordwesten Georgiens liegt die autonome Republik Abchasien, im Südwesten die autonome Republik Adscharien, im Norden das Gebiet Südossetien. Abchasien und Südossetien beanspruchen staatliche Unabhängigkeit und stehen derzeit nicht unter der Kontrolle der georgischen Regierung.
 

CIA Background-Info The region of present-day Georgia contained the ancient kingdoms of Colchis and Kartli-Iberia. The area came under Roman influence in the first centuries A.D. and Christianity became the state religion in the 330s. Domination by Persians, Arabs, and Turks was followed by a Georgian golden age (11th-13th centuries) that was cut short by the Mongol invasion of 1236. Subsequently, the Ottoman and Persian empires competed for influence in the region. Georgia was absorbed into the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Independent for three years (1918-1921) following the Russian revolution, it was forcibly incorporated into the USSR until the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. An attempt by the incumbent Georgian government to manipulate national legislative elections in November 2003 touched off widespread protests that led to the resignation of Eduard SHEVARDNADZE, president since 1995. New elections in early 2004 swept Mikheil SAAKASHVILI into power along with his National Movement party. Progress on market reforms and democratization has been made in the years since independence, but this progress has been complicated by two civil conflicts in the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. These two territories remain outside the control of the central government and are ruled by de facto, unrecognized governments, supported by Russia. Russian-led peacekeeping operations continue in both regions. The Georgian Government put forward a new peace initiative for the peaceful resolution of the status of South Ossetia in 2005.